Real-world emission characteristics of VOCs from typical cargo ships and their potential contributions to SOA and O 3 under low-sulfur fuel policies

Zhang, Fan; Xiao, Binyu; Liu, Zeyu; Zhang, Yan; Tian, Chongguo; Li, Rui; Wu, Can; Lei, Yali; Zhang, Si; Wan, Xinyi; Chen, Yubao; Han, Yong; Cui, Min; Huang, Cheng; Wang, Hongli; Chen, Yingjun; Wang, Gehui

Mandatory use of low-sulfur fuel according to global sulfur limit regulation has reduced the emissions of SO 2 and PM significantly on ships, while it also leads to very large uncertainty on VOCs emission. Therefore, on-board test of VOCs from 9 typical cargo ships with low-sulfur fuels in China were carried out in this study. Results showed that emission factor of VOCs (EF VOCs) varied largely from 0.09 to 3.01 g kg -1 fuel, with domestic coastal cargo ships (CCSs) had the highest levels and ocean-going vessels (OGVs) the lowest. The switch of fuels from heavy fuel oil (HFO) to diesel increased EF VOCs by 48 % on average, which enhanced both O 3 and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potentials, especially for OGVs. Besides, the use of low-sulfur fuels for OGVs also lead to significant increase of naphthalene emission. These indicated the implementation of globally ultra-low-sulfur oil policy in the near future needs to be optimized. Moreover, aromatics were the most important common contributors to O 3 and SOA in ship exhausts, which need to be controlled with priority. It was also found that benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene ratio of 0.5:0.3:0.2 on average could be considered as a diagnostic characteristic to distinguish ship emission from other emission sources.

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Zhang, Fan / Xiao, Binyu / Liu, Zeyu / et al: Real-world emission characteristics of VOCs from typical cargo ships and their potential contributions to SOA and O3 under low-sulfur fuel policies. 2024. Copernicus Publications.

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