Unambiguous identification of N-containing oxygenated organic molecules using a chemical-ionization Orbitrap (CI-Orbitrap) in an eastern Chinese megacity

Oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) are dominated by the N-containing species in polluted urban environments. As N-containing OOMs, especially those with more than one nitrogen atom, prevail in the high inline-formula $M1inlinescrollmathmlm/z$ 23pt14ptsvg-formulamathimg91270dba487782af7360c80516416e4b acp-23-3233-2023-ie00001.svg23pt14ptacp-23-3233-2023-ie00001.png (mass-to-charge) range (inline-formula $M2inlinescrollmathmlm/z\mathrm{italic\; >}$ 31pt14ptsvg-formulamathimgde68db45df1feb3c43f70b6cf2165c80 acp-23-3233-2023-ie00002.svg31pt14ptacp-23-3233-2023-ie00002.png  350 Th), unambiguous identification of N-containing OOMs is highly desirable for understanding of their formation processes, precursors and influencing factors. To achieve this, we applied an ultra-high-resolution chemical-ionization Orbitrap (CI-Orbitrap) in a field campaign and found that OOMs contain one (1N-OOMs), two (2N-OOMs) and three (3N-OOMs) nitrogen atoms comprised 50 %, 26 % and 4 %, respectively, of total OOMs. More interestingly, the fraction of 2N-OOMs increased with the increase in carbon number (nC) and was dominated by the ones derived from aliphatic precursors (2N-OOMinline-formula_Ali, 64.2 %), indicating the importance of multistep oxidation. Plausible precursors of 2N-OOMs were aliphatics (2N-OOMinline-formula_Ali, 64.2 %), aromatics (2N-OOMinline-formula_Aro, 16 %) and monoterpenes (2N-OOMinline-formula_MT, 15.4 %). The absolute concentrations of 2N-OOMs were greatly affected by the pollution level for most cases. The 2N-OOMinline-formula_Ali was the most abundant 2N-OOM, and its fraction even increased on the polluted day with an enhanced proportion of the ones with nC inline-formula>10. While 2N-OOMinline-formula_Ali and 2N-OOMinline-formula_Aro were dominated by daytime photochemical production, nighttime NOinline-formula₃-initiated oxidation played a comparable role to the daytime photochemistry in the formation of 2N-OOMinline-formula_MT. The 2N-OOMinline-formula_Aro species were of the highest oxygenation level, followed by 2N-OOMinline-formula_MT and 2N-OOMinline-formula_Ali, which were affected by photochemistry and NOinline-formula_x concentrations. These results highlight the significant formation of 2N-OOMs and the influencing factors on their formation in polluted urban environments, where various volatile organic compound (VOC) precursors and atmospheric oxidants are present.