# A powerful lidar system capable of 1 h measurements of water vapour in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere as well as the temperature in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere

A high-power Raman lidar system has been installed at the high-altitude research station Schneefernerhaus (Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany) at 2675 inline-formula $M1inlinescrollmathmlunit\mathrm{normal m}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{normal a}.\mathrm{normal s}.\mathrm{normal l}.$ 36pt10ptsvg-formulamathimgc66ba9c58375fb02029941ba18d549da amt-14-531-2021-ie00001.svg36pt10ptamt-14-531-2021-ie00001.png , at the side of an existing wide-range differential absorption lidar (DIAL). An industrial XeCl laser was modified for linearly polarized single-line operation at an average power of about 180 inline-formulaW. This high power and a 1.5 inline-formulam diameter receiver allow us to extend the operating range for water-vapour sounding to 20 inline-formulakm for a measurement time of just 1 h, at an uncertainty level of the mixing ratio of 1 to 2 inline-formulappm. This was achieved for a vertical resolution varied between just 0.2 and 0.6 inline-formulakm in the stratosphere. The lidar was successfully validated with a balloon-borne cryogenic frost-point hygrometer (CFH). In addition, temperature measurements up to altitudes of around 87 inline-formulakm were demonstrated for 1 h of signal averaging. The system has been calibrated with the DIAL, the CFH and radiosondes.

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Klanner, Lisa / Höveler, Katharina / Khordakova, Dina / et al: A powerful lidar system capable of 1 h measurements of water vapour in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere as well as the temperature in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. 2021. Copernicus Publications.

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