# High-resolution (0.05°  ×  0.05°) NO x emissions in the Yangtze River Delta inferred from OMI

Emission datasets of nitrogen oxides (inline-formulaNOx) at high horizontal resolutions (e.g., inline-formula $M7inlinescrollmathmlnormal 0.05{}^{\circ }×normal 0.05{}^{\circ }$ 64pt11ptsvg-formulamathimg19982cdeb78e84ba8000439ae4c8c673 acp-19-12835-2019-ie00001.svg64pt11ptacp-19-12835-2019-ie00001.png ) are crucial for understanding human influences at fine scales, air quality studies, and pollution control. Yet high-resolution emission data are often missing or contain large uncertainties especially for the developing regions. Taking advantage of long-term satellite measurements of nitrogen dioxide (inline-formulaNO2), here we develop a computationally efficient method of estimating inline-formulaNOx emissions in major urban areas at the inline-formula $M10inlinescrollmathmlnormal 0.05{}^{\circ }×normal 0.05{}^{\circ }$ 64pt11ptsvg-formulamathimg432daf553ce0c642461584491c3ce395 acp-19-12835-2019-ie00002.svg64pt11ptacp-19-12835-2019-ie00002.png resolution. The top-down inversion method accounts for the nonlinear effects of horizontal transport, chemical loss, and deposition. We construct a two-dimensional Peking University High-resolution Lifetime-Emission-Transport model (PHLET), its adjoint model (PHLET-A), and a satellite conversion matrix approach to relate emissions, lifetimes, simulated inline-formulaNO2, and satellite inline-formulaNO2 data. The inversion method is applied to the summer months of 2012–2015 in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD; 29–34inline-formula N, 118–123inline-formula E) area, a major polluted region of China, using the inline-formulaNO2 vertical column density data from the Peking University Ozone Monitoring Instrument inline-formulaNO2 product (POMINO). A systematic analysis of inversion errors is performed, including using an independent test based on GEOS-Chem simulations. Across the YRD area, the summer average emissions obtained in this work range from 0 to 15.3 kg kminline-formula−2 hinline-formula−1, and the lifetimes (due to chemical loss and deposition) range from 0.6 to 3.3 h. Our emission dataset reveals fine-scale spatial information related to nighttime light, population density, road network, maritime shipping, and land use (from a Google Earth photo). We further compare our emissions with multiple inventories. Many of the fine-scale emission structures are not well represented or not included in the widely used Multi-scale Emissions Inventory of China (MEIC).

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Kong, Hao / Lin, Jintai / Zhang, Ruixiong / et al: High-resolution (0.05°  ×  0.05°) NOx emissions in the Yangtze River Delta inferred from OMI. 2019. Copernicus Publications.

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