# Laser frequency stabilization based on a universal sub-Doppler NICE-OHMS instrumentation for the potential application in atmospheric lidar

Lidar is an effective tool for high-altitude atmospheric measurement in which a weak absorption line for the target gas is selected to ensure a large optical depth. The laser frequency stabilization to the line center is required, and a sub-Doppler (sD) spectroscopy of the target line is preferred as a frequency reference. In this paper, a novel universal sD noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy (NICE-OHMS) instrumentation based on a fiber-coupled optical single-sideband electro-optic modulator (f-SSM) for the potential application in atmospheric lidar for different target gases with different types of lasers is reported. The f-SSM can replace all frequency actuators in the system, so as to eliminate the individual design of feedback servos that often are tailored for each laser. The universality of the instrumentation was demonstrated by the alternative use of either an Er-doped fiber laser or a whispering-gallery-mode laser. Then the instruments based on both lasers were used to produce the sD signals of acetylene, which worked as a frequency reference to stabilize the laser. By performing the lockings, relative frequency stabilizations of inline-formula $M1inlinescrollmathmlnormal 8.3×{normal 10}^{-normal 13}$ 55pt14ptsvg-formulamathimg9769400cd5057d41b71b75ac7fac2243 amt-12-1807-2019-ie00001.svg55pt14ptamt-12-1807-2019-ie00001.png and inline-formula $M2inlinescrollmathmlnormal 7.5×{normal 10}^{-normal 13}$ 55pt14ptsvg-formulamathimgccc7ec65b77d65894b2d6926d6909ea1 amt-12-1807-2019-ie00002.svg55pt14ptamt-12-1807-2019-ie00002.png at an integration time of 240 s were demonstrated.

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Zhou, Yueting / Liu, Jianxin / Guo, Songjie / et al: Laser frequency stabilization based on a universal sub-Doppler NICE-OHMS instrumentation for the potential application in atmospheric lidar. 2019. Copernicus Publications.

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